Fluid pressure operated implement



Dec. 16, 1941. Q o, APP

FLUID PRESSURE OPERATED IMPLEMENT Filed Mayvle, 1958 y 2 sheets-sheet 1 ATTORNE` Patented Dec. 16, 1941 2,265,939 l Y FLUID Pans-SURE oPEnATED IMPLEMENT oliver o. App, Nwrrk, N. Y.,`assignor i0 Lorintha. B. App, New York, N. Y.

Y Application May 19, 193s, serial No. osais 1o Claims. (c1. 121-11) This invention relates to implements operated by compressed air or other pressure fluid, and is of a type and kind generally referred to as an automatic hammer, but is adaptable for use in performing many types and kinds of operations wherein the use of a plunger or hammer reciprocating at relatively high speed is desirable; and the object of the present invention consists in providing an implement of the character defined wherein the working stroke of the hammer or plunger and the return stroke 'thereof is controlled by means of adjustable portage so proportioned and located as to give maximum power on the working stroke and sufcient power to return the hammer or plunger to its retracted position, and to accomplish this result without recoil or impact upon the implement, thus rendering the implement less tiring' in use and handling; a further object being to provide adjustablemeans for controlling the exhaust pressure of the implement and thereby regulating 'the power of the implement in adapting the same'to many diierent uses and also to vutilizev said last named means to bailie-the exhaust in directing the same away from the operator in certain uses of the implement; a further object being to provide resiliently operated Ameans in the chuck of the implement for retaining a tool against accidental displacement therefrom; a still further object being to provide means for positively retaining the valve of the implement in open position, and still further to means independently operated with respect to the last mentioned means to hold the valve normally in closed position, in such manner that the same may be moved automatically into open position by pressure applied upon the implement in the direction of the tool in the use thereof; a still further object being to provide means for automatically retaining the adjustable portage control means in different positions of adjustment; and with these and other objects in View, the invention consists in an implement of the class described which is simple in construction, efficient in use and which is constructed as hereinafter described and claimed.

The invention is fully disclosed in the following specification, of which theaccompanyingdraw-V ings form a part, in which the separate parts of my improvement are designated by suitable reference characters in each of the Viewsjand in which:

shown in full line.

. elongated groove 23 inthe Fig. V21s a section on the line 2-.2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a.view.similar to Fig. 1, but omitting certain of the parts shown in full 'lines in Fig. 1 and. showing parts in a diierent position.

Fig. 4 is a section on the irregular line 4-4 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a section on the line 5--5 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a section on the irregular line 6-6 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 7 is a view` looking in the direction of the arrow 'I-J of Fig."3.

' Fig. 8 isaV section of Fig. 1, and

. Fig. 9` is a'` view similar to Fig. 3 showing only apart of the construction, and showing a modification.

Y In the drawings, I have shown at I0 the cylinder ofI the implement around which is arranged an outer casing H in the form of` a. tube or sleeve, one endv portion of which is externally threaded as seen at I2 to receive a hollow cap I3 having an 'air admission chamberfr|4 communicating with'xafsource of supply through a threaded aperturek I5 at one side of the cap, and axmeans such as a flexible tube coupled therewith and with a'source of air 'supply as is commonlyknown in this art. The cap I3 is held in position'on the'l casing II by'a lock nut I6, and the periphery of the'nut is provided with on the irregular line 8-8 spaced notches II and the cap with other spaced notches I8 so as to receive laterally projecting lock lugs I9 and 20 respectively on awasher 2| disposed betweenthenut I'I and cap I3. The washer has a projecting key 22 extending' into an casing as will be ap-n parent. Y

The casing or sleeve II mayhave a pressed fit upon the'cylinder Illor may be secured thereon in any desired manner. However, in any event theadjacent surfaces of the parts will fit snugly so as to form a seal of the ports between the y cylinderand sleeve, as latery described.

25 is adapted tolsea't. Thecap bears uponthe outer ilange portion26 vof said' plugL and 'said plug has a central port 21 communicating with the'chamber I4 andopening into an annular chamber 28 formed in the tapered inner 'portion of the plug by radial ports 29 communicating with the bore or passage 21, as seen in Fig. 1 of the drawings. i The other end of the cylinder I0 is internally threaded as seen at 30 rto relieve the chuck 3| of the "implement, said chuck havingv a flange por-g.

tion 32 of the contour clearly shown in Fig. 6 of the drawings. The chuck has a bore 33, of the cross sectional contour of the shank portion 34 of the tool or implement, to be supported in the chuck, which in the construction shown is of hexagonal cross sectional form, note Fig. 5. The shank of the tool has a reduced portion 35 outwardly of the inner end thereof so as to receive one or more steel balls ,36 arranged in vapertures formed in the chuck and held in engagement with the reduced portion 35 by a split spring collar 31. With this construction, the tool is held against accidental displacement from the implement and at the same time .the tool in'jyb'el which is placed in communication with a port 58 on the opposite wall of the cylinder through the annular passage 52 in the valve 5I when the valve is in open position, so that air is admitted into another elongated passage 59 arranged between the cylinder Ill and the sleeve Il and extending rearwardly to a point to communicate with ports 60 and 6l extending into the bore 49 of the cylinder. y

At right angles to the elongated passages 56 and 59, the cylinder is provided with other longitudinally extending passages, one of which is "seen at 62, and the other opposed side of the cylinderis' provided with two passages 63, 64 separated by `an intermediate sealing web 65. The

" passage ,162 forms an exhaust passage placing two duced portion 35 is sufficient to allow a little la'y The spring collar 31 also serves to hold'a;

headed Vkey pin .33 against displacement,1as will appear in Fig. 1V of the drawings. This pin is supported in ,the ange321andenters an aper'- ture f39 formed in .the end ofthe cylinder, and servestoretain the chuck against accidental displacement from the cylinder.

The chuck is also -provided with an elongated aperture '.40 opening through. the inner .end thereof, in which a lock rod 4I is movably supported. The chuck is `'apertured to accommodate an outwardly protruding head` Maxon Vthe rod which forms a finger piece, by means of which the rod may be operated. This finger piece no1"- mally seats in .ag'rove 31d formed in the sleeve 31 in .supporting the rod 4l `in inoperative position; whereas the inner edge of the sleeve31 en gages the finger Vpiece 4.!a to support the 'rod fin operative .position as indicated in dottedlines in Fig. .1. 'I'he purpose'of the rcdis to .support the valve in open position in certain uses of the implement.

Disposed within the cylinder l is Ya piston, plunger or hammer 42 having vtwo `cylindrical portions 43,44 spaced lapartloy adeep annular groove 45. from the portion '44 in the direction of the chuck and terminates in a slightly reduced Yhammer end 41 .which is adapted to strike the inner 'end of the shank 34 of the tool employed in the imi plem'ent, as will be apparent.

The cylinder lll has a transverse wall portion 48 apertured centrally to receive the stem 46 of the piston.. The wall 48 divides the bore of the cylinder'into'an inner bore 49 and an outer bore having two 'diameter sections as at 50,`15a, the bore as at 50 being less in diameter thanv the bore '49, and theboreas at 56a being less indiamet'er'thanthe borielii. Arranged and movae ble in the bores`56, 59a is an 'automatic throttle valve l having enlarged end portions fitting closely in Jand'operating in the bores 56, Staand forming a .large annular chamber 52 between said end portions. Thebore 53 of the valv'eis adapted'to vreceive .the reduced stem 464 of the piston, r'andthevalve :is .provided at its outerend with a reduced bore 54 for receiving the hammer endv'41` of said piston. Y

` vThe end .of the Vcylinder adjacent the :cap `i3 is .provided with an airv admission passage t55 whichinplaces the annular adinission passage `28 ofthe plug 'in .communication Witha long intake passage 56 arranged longitudinally of theimplement between the cylinder i6 andthe casing-cry sleevesl I. At vthe forward endof the passage' 55, the .cylinder is provided with a port 51 The stem 46 of the piston projects exhaust ports' 66 and 61 in the cylinder l0 in communication lwith a series of exhaust passages .68 formed in the sleeve Il adjacent the chuck end of the implement. The passage 63 is placed 'in communication with the bore' of the cylinder" through ports 69 and 16 and also through '-.bleeder ports 1I, whereas the passage 64 communicates withthe b0r.e,49 of the cylinder through ports 12 and 13 `and a bleeder port 14, all'asclearly seen :in Fig. 3 of the drawings. '..Ati.15 1 have shown -anexhaust baiilein the form V cfa .widelringor sleeve free to rotate on thejouter :reduced end of the. casing ll and having '1an puter finturned. flange 16 engaging the flange 32 of the chuck to prevent displacement from the-implement. The vbore of the baffle 15 has `:an ,eccentric or crescent-shaped passage 11 forming ia groove or a channel adapted to register with the exhaust ports 68 of the casing, the baffle .havingrports 18 centrally of the passage 1.1 andopening to atmosphere. With this com struction, byv rotating the battle upon the casing, thep'orts 68 maybeentirely shut off, or these parts #partially opened. On the other hand, the direction of :the exhaust may be diverted to different angles within certain limits of adjustment'ofV the bale to prevent the exhaust from contacting the operator directly.

In theA accompanying drawings, certain of the ports vjare shown in pairs, but Vit will be understood that any number -of single or multiple port arrangements may be provided as desired. In this connection four ports have been shown, both on .the baille and on the casing to control the exhaust, but here 4again the number of, and arrangement of, the ports may be varied, especialr ly on diierent types of implements.

The outer end portion of the baffle 15 has an enlarged. bore 15a to receive a coil spring 19, one en'd A8l) Yof which protrudes radially inward to engage ratchet teeth 8| formed on the outer end of the cylinder I0; whereas the other end 82 of the springv enters la socket formed in theinturned flange 16 of thebaifle 15, as Vclearly seen in Fig. 1. With this construction, it will be apparent that the baillemay be held in different positions of `adjustment upon the implement to maintain a predetermined regulated exhaust. It is preferred that the ratchet engagement besuch as to Apermit 'adjustment'of the baffle in either direction rather than in a single direction which can .be governed by vtheconstruction of the teeth or projections employed.

It will be understood that suitable means such for example as conventional trigger controls may be substituted for the cap I3 to control the `supply :of -compressed air to the cylinder. However, asde'vices of this kind are well known in the art, no specific showing thereof is deemed to'be. necessary in this illustration,` las'the same would form no part of the present invention, it being understood that any suitable means maybe provided to insure a constant or Vintermittent supply of air to the cylinder'. Y QU' K In the construction showny in Fig, @ofV the drawings, a slight modification is illustrated wherein a spring 83 is disposed between a recess 84 formed in the partition wall 4 6 and a corresponding recessV 85 form-ed in thev throttle valve l. 'Ihis spring 83` would normally support the valve in closed position and supply of the air to the cylinder would be controlled by applying pressure upon the tool 34, the inner end of which would force the throttle valve into its open position against the action of the'spring 83. In this connection it will be apparent that vsprings of different tensions may be provided in different kinds and classes of work, different springs being readily insertable by simply removing the chuck and the valve from the front end of the implement and then removing one spring and substituting another spring therefor.Y In :other uses of the implement, even thoughthe spring'83 may also be employed, the pin 4| maybe moved inwardly to support the valve constantly in an open position, and this is ydesirable incertain types of heavy work. In using thestructure of Fig. 9, the bore 58 of the cylinder receiving the valve may be of a -commondiameterl as will be apparent. The present implement constitutes an improvement on rthe structure dis-closed in my prior Patent No. 1,880,337, and provides an implement which is far more sensitiveand efficient in its control and operation, and inthe performance of its separateV functions adapting the implement to a wide rangeof work. In implements of the `character'under consideration, a recoil action has been commonly experienced by reason of the back actionof the plunger when the advanced movement of the tool. is resisted by enga-gement with th'ework, and also in the retracted movement ofthe .plunger or hammer, which in my present construction is cushioned by the air in the cylinder, and further by the dash-pot action of the piston in the cylinder in passing the port 69 and entering the chamber 66, as later described'. By reason of the elimination of this recoil action, a `smoother performance of the implement is accomplished which enables me to perform smooth cuts through metal without any noticeable presence of chattering or excessive vibration which 'is `commonly experienced in implements of this kind where the recoil action has not been dispensed. with Furthermore, the implementis relatively light in weight and yet capable of performing heavy duties in which implements of the type and kind are designed and used.r On the other hand, the implement may be utilized in performing various types and kinds of operations in various kinds and classes of workpieces, both in the removal of cement, plaster, mortar, and similar material and various trimming operations upon various metal workpieces, for example in trimming excessive materials at welded joints. The Vimplement may be further used in performing different types and kinds of riveting operations, in wood carving, and in many other uses too numerous to name.

In the various uses of the implement it will be understood that tools or attachments suitable for the performance for the various functions and operations will be used in conjunction with the chuck of the implement, all 'made with shanks suitable for attachment to the chuck; for example in the manner illustrated. It will be further understood that the implement may be made in various sizes to adapt 'it to lighterand heavier work.

In the varioususes of .the implement, the loailie ring or vsleeve may be adjusted to control and regulate the exhaust so as to increase or decrease the capacity of the exhaust or to entirely shut off the exhaust.L

It will be noted upon a consideration of Fig. 2 of the drawings that an enlarged groove 56h is formed intermediate the bores 56, 50a which forms a wall 50cagainst`which the air, acting upon the largerdiameter of the valve 5I, operates in moving the valve into` closed position. Inthe normal position of the implement, as shown it will be understood thatair entering the implement will normally support the valve 5| in closed position, by reason of th-e fact that the air in the passage 56 will pass through the port 5l, and due to the larger diameter'of the outer end ofthe Valve, the valve will be held in its outermost position, and theportor ports 58 closed. However, in using the implement,the inward movement of the tool 34 in engaging a workpiece, will move the Valve 5| into open position and permit air to pass into the passagesV 59 through the port 60 with the plungeriin-its outermost position. This air will then pass through-the port 13 into the cylinder outwardly of the portion 44 through the port 'l2 and thus move the piston or plunger to its innermost position, opening the port 6| to register with the annular groove 450i the piston. Thus airV is admitted to pass into the chamber of the piston formed by said groove and to pass through the port '10,.into the Ypassage 63, and to pass into the plug Vend of the cylinder through the port 69 so as'to advancethe piston outwardly in the direction of the tool 34. The port 66 yis closed in this operation, as will appear in Fig. 3 of the drawings. ,Asthepiston or plunger advances forwardly in the cylinder, the reduced groove portion 45 of the piston registers with the port 60 and gra-dually communication is shut olf to theport 10.

It will be understood that the quick movement of the plunger will advance the hammer end 41 into engagement with the toolwhich is then in the position shown in Fig. 1. As the forward progress ofthe plunger continues, the bleeder passages 1I, 14 are covered and opened respectively to overcome any balanced condition of air within the piston chamber, and air passes into the passage 64 through the port 73 and enters theinner end of the cylinder through the port 'I2 so as to cushion the final forward stroke of the plunger, the supply of air having been out off by the portion 43 of the plunger. Y Y

In the above Vdescribed-operation,l it will also be apparent that as the port 1I is fully covered, the exhaust port 66 is opened and the air at the inner head end-ofthe piston is exhausted through the port 68 and the ports 18 of the baille l5.

- At the completion of the forward movement of the piston, it will appear from a consideration of Fig. 1 of the drawings, that the ports 6I are closed and the exhaust port 6,1 is closed and air is admitted to the forward end of the portion 44 of the piston through the ports 60, 13 and 12. 'Ihus the piston will immediately be returned to its innermost position and the above cycle of operation repeated. It will be understood at this time that gagement of the tool with the work. `Of course when the tool is released vfrom vthe Work,the valve willv be automatically ,moved into closed position in the proper cycle of operation ofthe implement, and thus shut off thesupply air to the cylinder. A

At this time it is also well to call attention to the fact that should for any reasoniwhatever, the piston assume la neutral position on the-connecte ing web 65, it will be foundthat at least one of the bleeder'passages 1 I, I4 will be opened; Thus when the valve 5l is moved in'to open position as above stated, the pistonY will either be advanced forwardly or `retracted inwardly, depending upon which of the ports 1|, 14 sopened at the time. It will also loe-apparent that the location of the ports 'I2 and 13are much closer than the arrangement of the ports 69 and 10, .In other words, the ports 12 vand 13 are not `collectively ful-ly opened at any time, thus the action of the air in moving th'e piston inwardly is with ccnsidera-ble less force than in the forward power stroke ofthe implement when they ports 69 and "l0 are fully opened. Inthe inward movement of the plunger, the shock or impact is cushioned by virtue of the dash-pot action which is obtained inwardy of the port 69, or by reason of the chamber S6, a slight recoil actionwill take place so th'atthe port 69 will Vbe slightly open as is indicated in Fig. V3 of the drawings.

In connection with the cushioning or shockless operation of the implement as mentioned heretofore, it is important to point lout that in the working stroke of the piston, the exhaust takes place in advance of the piston .completing the full movement thereof, it being understood that the inertia is carried forward: notwithstanding th'e opening of the exhaust, in the manner of the force-back of a projected bullet. Whereas in the return stroke o f the piston, it will be noted that the exhaust as vat 51 is iully opened when the piston has completed substantially only half of its inward movement, thus no real pressure is applied to the piston in this movement. While some force Vor inertiapprevails as in the working stroke, in the` return stroke it is materially minimized, and in both movements of the piston, i't will be understood that air is introduced into the ends `of the cylinder to cushionY or check the iinal movement of the piston in both'directions. 'Ilhe dash-pot provided in each end of the cylinder also aids in checkingr the npiston movement., i v Y Having fully described myinvention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In a iiuid pressure operated implement of the character described, an elongated cylinder extending throughout substantially the full length of the implement, `a series of grooves arranged longitudinally of the outer surface of the cylinder intermediate'the endsthereof at circumferentially sp-aced intervals, a sleeve arranged upon said cylinder within the terminal ends thereof forming of said grooves air passages, the cylinder being divided into a one diameter bore at the inner end and a two diameterboreatthe other outer end, means arranged within and extending beyond the last named end of the cylinder for detachably supporting a tool therein, a pis-ton h'aving at its inner end spaced Cylindrical portions i-ltting snugly in the first named bore and at the other end portion a-,reduced hammer end operating in the two diameter bore, means at the inner end ofthe cylinder admitting. air into one passage extending longitudinally of `the cylinder having a portopening into thetwoA diameter bore thereof, a valve freely movable in the two diamaccesso.

eter bore of the cylinder and V,controlling v*the transmission of air into another longitudinal Apassage in said cylinder, other ports and passages-1 inthe cylinder at longitudinally and circumferentially spaced intervals controlled by thefcylin-` drical portions of th'e piston to regulate the supply of air to vthe first mentionedibore to control the working andreturn strokes of ythe piston, another exhaust passage communicating with said iirst mentioned bore and having ports opening through said sleeve, rotatably adjustable means on the sleeve controlling said exhaustports, and means for retaining said last `named means in any position of adjustment.

2. In a fluid pressure operated implement of the character described, an elongated cylinder extending throughout substantially the lfull length of the implement, a series of groovesarranged longitudinally of th'e outer surface oi the cylinder intermediate the ends thereof at circum-` ferentially spaced intervals, a sleeve arranged.

upon said cylinder within the terminalA ends thereof forming of said grooves air passages, the cylinder being divided into a. one diameter bore at the inner end and a two diameter bore at the other outer end, means -arranged within and extending beyond tlie last named end of the cylinder for detachably supporting. a, tool therein, av

the two diameter bore of the cylinder-and con-` trolling the transmission of air into another longitudinal passage in said cylinder, other portsandV passages in the cylinder at longitudinally and circumferentially spaced intervals controlled by the cylindrical portions ofthe piston to regulate the supply of air to th'e rst mentioned bore to control the Working and return strokes of the'piston, another exhaust .passage .communicating with said iirstmentioned bore and having ports opening through said sleeve,r rotatably adjustable means on the sleeve controlling said exhaust ports, and means independent of said tool for controlling the4 operation of said valve.

3. In a fluid pressureoperated implement of the character described, an elongated cylinder, a piston movable longitudinally of the cylinder and having a reduced h'ammer end at the outer end portion thereof, means. atthe outer end of the cylinder for detach-ably supporting a tool in the cylinder for engagement with the hammer en'd of the piston in the operation of the implement, means admitting air at the other end of the cylinder, means directing said air longitudinally of and to the first named end portion of the cylinder, a freely movable throttle valve in said cylinder and movable longitudinally of thehammer end of said piston for controlling the supply of air to said cylindexg, other means communicating with said valve and extending longitudinally of the cylinder for directing the air to the bore thereof for actuation upon said piston to controll both movements of the piston in the cylinder,l

said last named means including ports opening into the bore of the cylinder at longitudinally spaced intervals, means forming a dash-pot at the second named end portion of the cylinder to cushion the inward recoil stroke of the piston, means independent 'of said tool controlling th'e operation of said throttle valve, means for exhausting air from' said cylinder, and rotatably adjustable means for selectivelyshutting o1f,- opening and deiiecting. saidw exhaust.

- 4. In a fluid Vpressure operated -implement o-f the CharacterdeScribed, -an elongated cylinder, a relatively long bore at one end of the cylinder, a two diameter bore at the other end-portion of the cylinden-a piston movable longitudinally of the cylinder and having two spaced cylindrical portions operatingin the first -named'cylinder bore and an integral reduced hammerendf-exten-ding into and' operating Vin the v'other two diameter bore, a valve, means for'supporting a tool in the second named end ofl the cylinder for operative engagement with' the -hammer end vofsaid piston, a freely movable throttle valve mounted in the two diameter -bore ofi said cylinder, means at the first named end portionof the cylinder for introducing compressed air, means arranged longitudinally of the cylinder for extending the air to and admitting it into thei-,wo diameter bore of the cylinder, means controlled by said valve and the cylindrical portions of the piston for introducing the Iair into the first named bore at longitudinally y and circumferentially spacedfintervals'vto control the forward power stroke of said piston and the return retracted stroke thereof, and means for exhausting air from the first named bore only of said cylinder a't the completion of the forward stroke of the piston.

5. In a fluid pressure operated implement of the class described, an elongated cylinder having a long bore at one end and a shorter bore at the other outer end, a piston operating in the long bore, a hammer part integral with the piston and operating in the shorter bore, the outer surface of the cylinder having a series of circumferentially spaced longitudinal grooves extending the major portion of the length thereof, one groove forming a supply passage and communieating with both bores at extremities beyond the limit of piston travel, another groove forming the intake passage to the long bore and having two ports placing said groove in communication with the central portion of the long bore to control admission of air to said bore, another of said grooves being divided into two parts, a plurality of ports placing each part of the last mentioned groove in communication with said long bore, the last of said grooves forming an exhaust passage having two ports communicating only with said long bore at longitudinally spaced intervals, a single sleeve arranged upon and extending longitudinally of the cylinder within the ends of said cylinder in sealing all of said grooves, said sleeve having exhaust ports opening intfo the last mentioned groove of said cylinder at the outer end of the cylinder, and a freely movable throttle valve arranged in the shorter bore and movable longitudinally of the hammer in controlling the supply of air from the first mentioned groove to the second mentioned groove.

6. In a fluid pressure operated implement of the class described, an elongated cylinder having a long bore at one end and a shorter bore at the other outer end, a piston operating in the long bore, a hammer part integral with the piston and operating in the shorter bore, the outer surface of the cylinder having a series of circumferentially spaced longitudinal grooves extending the major portion of the length thereof, one groove forming a supply passage and communicating with both bores at extremities beyond the limit of piston travel, another groove forming the intake passage tothe-long bore and-having --two ports placiii'g-'said-groo've in communication with the central portion ofthe long bore to controladmission ofair to saidV bore, another oi' said groove being divided into two-parts, a plurality of ports placing each part of--tne last mentioned groove 1n communication with said long bora-the last oi said Vgroovesforming an exhaust passage having two por-ts communicating only with said long-.bore Vat' longitudinally spaced intervals, -a sing-ie sleeve-"arranged uponand extending longitudlnally oi' the-cylinder within-the ends-of said cylinder 1n sealing all of said grooves, said sleeve having exnauslJ ports opening into the last inentioned groove oi said cylinder at the outer end or the cylinder, a freely movable throttle valve arranged in the shorter bore and movablelongitudinaiiy of the hammer incontroi-ii'ng the supply of air from the first mentioned groove to the second mentioned groove, means at tne outer end portion of the cylinder for detachably supporting a tool in the cylinder for engagement with the-hammer in* the-operation ofthe implement, and means adjustable in said last named means cooperating witiitiie throttle valve to control-the operation thereof. 5

1. In a nuid pressure operated implement of the class described, an elongated cylinder havmg a long bore at one end and a shorter bore at the other outer end, a piston operating in the long bore, a hammer part integral with the piston and operating in trie shorter loo-re, the outer surface ott the cylinderhaving a series of circumferentially spaced longitudinal grooves extending tne major portion of the length thereof, one groove forming a supply passage and coinmunicating with both bores at extremities beyono the limit of piston travel, another groove iorming the intake passage to the long bore and having -two ports placing said groove in coinmuiiication With the central portion of the long bore to control admission of air to said bore, another of said grooves being divided into two parts, a plurality of ports placing each part of th'e last mentioned groove in communication with said long bore, the -last of' said grooves forming an exhaust passage having two ports communicating only with said long bore at longitudinally spaced intervals, a single sleeve arranged upon and extending longitudinally of the cylinder within the ends of said cylinder in sealing al1 of said grooves, said sleeve having exhaust ports opening into the last mentioned groove of said cylinder at the outer end of the cylinder, a freely movable throttle valve arranged in the shorter bore and movable longitudinally of the hammer in controlling vth'e supply of air from vthe first mentioned groove to the second mentioned groove, a supplemental sleeve rotatably mounted on the cylinder and first named sleeve, a circumferential chamber in the supplemental sleeve registering with the exhaust ports of said first named sleeve, and the chambered portion of Ithe supplemental sleeve having exihaust ports adjustable in controlling the exhaust from said implement.

8. In an air hammer of the class described employing an air operated piston having a hammer end and a tool detachably supported in position to be engaged by the hammer end of saidA piston, a cylinder construction controlling and checking movement of the piston into the operative and blow position and the return withdrawal position, said cylinder comprising an elongated tube, divided into a piston end and a valve end, sai;d tube having circumferentially spaced and longitudinally extending .grooves in the outer surface thereof withV ports extending from said groovesv into the piston and valve ends of the tube tovpcontrol intake andexhaust of air in the operationoi said hammer, a sleeve mounted upon said tube Withinthe limits of the end portions thereof for4 sealing said grooves one end of the Sleeve having exhaust ports opening into said first mentioned grooves, a supplemental sleeve adjustably supported on the first mentionedsleeve and said tube.Y and means insaid last named sleeve `for regulatingr the discharge of air from said exhaust ports in the rotation of said sleeve. Y l

9. In an air hammer of theclass described employingna tubular cylinder-and a sleeve encircling the cylinder with air admission and distributing passages formed between the sleeve and cylinder at circuInferentiallyv spaced intervals, Vapiston operating in one chamber of the cylinder andafthrottle valver opera'voingJ in anoth'er cham.- ber thereoLuthe piston having a hammer end extendinginto the second chamber, th'e cylinder having vports opening into said passages placing the chambers in communication, said valve conrtrolling communication between two osaid pas# sages in`con,trolling-tile` supply of air to the piston chamber, an exhaust passage in communication with the piston chambervand h'aving a 5 discharge openingroutwardlythrough said sleeve,

andxsaid exhaust passage, beine. sealed-*from said valve chamber.

1o. nl fluid ypressure operatedimpment of the character; described, employing arcylinder m havinganl air operatedapiston movable longi-` tudinally thereofk controlling; the oper-ation of a tool supported in;i the outer of the cylinder, of a valve ymovable inl thev cylinder at the outer end portionthereof: controlling lthe admission of I5 air into thercylindex for the actuationof said piston,ineensj for admitting air; to theother inner endy portion ofthe cylinder and for di,- rectingl the; saine longitudinally of the cylinder tosaid valve'toprovide a constant supply of air m to the valve, said valve being actuated bythe 

